本文目的是探討精神科病房跌倒事件中，造成傷害性跌倒之危險因素。採回溯性病例對照研究方法，資料收集2010至2015年入住精神科病房發生跌倒事件的病人，樣本共352名個案，擷取病歷資料進行邏輯式迴歸統計分析。結果發現精神科住院病人傷害性跌倒的危險因素如下：當次住院具跌倒經驗（OR=1.58、95% CI = 1.22-2.03）、無癌症（OR=9.12、95% CI = 2.72-30.60）、有急性感染（OR=2.11、 95% CI=1.12-3.97）、有睡眠障礙（OR=3.29、95% CI=1.98-5.46）、無提供預防跌倒衛教（OR=17.35、95% CI=1.55-194.60）、有列入交班個案（OR=4.34、95% CI=1.49-12.59）。建議護理人員可針對跌倒次數1次以上、有急性感染、有睡眠障礙、列入交班個案的精神科住院病人提供個別化的護理措施，以提早預防傷害性跌倒的發生。

Purpose: This study is to explore the risk factors of injurious falls among hospitalized patients at psychiatric units in a medical center of southern Taiwan. Methods: This retrospective matched case-control study selected patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric units and had at least one fall event from 2010 to 2015. A total of 352 cases were reviewed using chart audit and data were analyzed using a logistic regression. Results: The risk factors of injurious falls among psychiatric inpatients were as follow: the number of falls during hospitalization (OR=1.58、95% CI = 1.22-2.03), non-cancer diagnosis (OR=9.12、95% CI = 2.72-30.60), having an acute infection (OR=2.11、95% CI=1.12-3.97), sleep disturbance in nursing record (OR=3.29、95% CI=1.98-5.46), without providing fall-preventive education (OR=17.35、95% CI=1.55-194.60), and case in handover report (OR=4.34、95% CI=1.49-12.59). Conclusion: The results suggested that nurses should give an individualized nursing care for preventing the occurrences of injurious falls for the following conditions: fall history, having acute infections, having sleep disorders and case in handover report.